Determinants of dental service utilization among 2 to 11-year-old California children

OBJECTIVE: The 2001 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) was designed to elicit population-based estimates about health care access and insurance coverage. This study aimed to determine factors associated with dental service utilization among children ages 2 to 11 years in California. METHODS: CHIS was a random digit dialing telephone survey. Interviews were conducted with the adult in the household that was most knowledgeable about the child's care, and information was collected on the child's last dental visit. RESULTS: Data on dental visits were collected on 10,569 children ages 2-11 years. In 2001, 73.5 (+/- 0.6)% of children had a dental visit, 58.2 (+/- 0.6)% a preventive dental visit, while 18.3 (+/- 0.5)% had never visited the dentist. Nearly 1 million children had never visited the dentist, primarily children ages 2-5 years. Overall, 76.3 (+/- 0.6)% of children had dental insurance. Children with a past-year dental visit were likely to be school age, insured and from high-income households. Other predictors of utilization were the responding adult's age and educational attainment. CONCLUSION: Dental service utilization is determined by a mix of parental, child and household factors.     

鼠半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制物cystatin S 对人口腔牙龈卟啉菌生长的抑制

目的：观察鼠半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制物ｃｙｓｔａｔｉｎＳ对人口腔牙龈卟啉菌（Ｐｏｒｐｈｙｒｏｍｏｎａｓｇｉｎｇｉｖａｌｉｓ）生长的影响。方法：用琼脂扩散法检查了ｃｙｓｔａｔｉｎＳ对人口腔数种牙龈卟啉菌生长的抑制情况。结果：虽然对不同菌株其影响程度略有差异，对实验用牙龈卟啉菌３８１，３８１Ｐ，ＡＴＣＣＷ５０，Ｗ８３，３３２７７，ＮＣＴＣ１１８３４，ＶＰＩ１４０１８生长均有抑制作用，并且具有药物浓度依赖性。结论：鼠半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制物ｃｙｓｔａｔｉｎＳ对人口腔牙龈卟啉菌生长有抑制作用。     

Effect of chlorhexidine gel treatment on Streptococcus mutans population in human saliva and dental plaque

Abstract – The effect of topical application of a 1% chlorhexidine gel on the population of S.mutains in dental plaque and saliva was studied in five subjects highly infected with the organism. After treatment for 5 min daily for 14 d, S. mutans was not detected in three of the subjects and counts of 700 colony-forming units or less per ml of saliva were found in the other subjects. Reappearanceof S. mutans was slow and did not reach pretreatment level until 14 weeks or more after therapy. The proportion of S. saguis in plaque increased temporatrily after chlorhexidine treatment, whereas the population of lactobacilli was unaffected. These observations indicate that short-term use of chlorhexidine is of value in controlling oral infection of bumans by S. mutans.     

Exploring bacterial diversity of endodontic microbiota by cloning and sequencing 16S rRNA

Introduction

The characterization of microbial communities infecting the endodontic system in each clinical condition may help on the establishment of a correct prognosis and distinct strategies of treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the bacterial diversity in primary endodontic infections by 16S ribosomal-RNA (rRNA) sequence analysis.

Methods

Samples from root canals of untreated asymptomatic teeth (n = 12) exhibiting periapical lesions were obtained, 16S rRNA bacterial genomic libraries were constructed and sequenced, and bacterial diversity was estimated.

Results

A total of 489 clones were analyzed (mean, 40.7 ± 8.0 clones per sample). Seventy phylotypes were identified of which six were novel phylotypes belonging to the family Ruminococcaceae. The mean number of taxa per canal was 10.0, ranging from 3 to 21 per sample; 65.7% of the cloned sequences represented phylotypes for which no cultivated isolates have been reported. The most prevalent taxa were Atopobium rimae (50.0%), Dialister invisus, Prevotella oris, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, and Tannerella forsythia (33.3%).

Conclusions

Although several key species predominate in endodontic samples of asymptomatic cases with periapical lesions, the primary endodontic infection is characterized by a wide bacterial diversity, which is mostly represented by members of the phylum Firmicutes belonging to the class Clostridia followed by the phylum Bacteroidetes.     

高压氧对脑梗死患者血浆蛋白C与蛋白S的影响

目的观察高压氧(HBO)对脑梗死患者血浆蛋白C(PC)与蛋白S(PS)的影响,探讨HBO治疗脑梗死的作用和机制.方法将脑梗死急性期患者分为常规治疗组及HBO治疗组,用酶免法分别测定两组患者治疗前及治疗后血浆蛋白C与蛋白S水平,观察HBO治疗前后的变化.结果脑梗死急性期治疗前两组患者血浆PC、PS水平均明显下降,治疗后HBO治疗组患者血浆PC、PS水平明显高于常规治疗组,并且恢复正常,而常规治疗组患者血浆PC、PS水平仍低.结论HBO可促进脑梗死患者血浆PC、PS水平恢复正常,减轻神经系统损伤,对脑梗死有治疗作用.     

S14G-humanin 对氧糖剥夺/ 复氧神经细胞损伤的保护作用

目的：评估S14G-humanin（HNG）在SH-SY5Y 神经母细胞瘤细胞体外氧糖剥夺/ 复氧（oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation,OGD/R）模型中潜在的神经保护作用的相关分子机制。方法：将SH-SY5Y 细胞分为 对照组、OGD/R 模型组、HNG 干预组、HNG 联合FLLL32 抑制剂组。三气培养箱建立SH-SY5Y 细胞OGD/R 损 伤模型;抑制剂组给予不同剂量HNG、FLLL32（JAK2/STAT3 通路抑制剂）。CCK8 细胞检测试剂盒检测细胞活性, 流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,Western Blot 分析JAK2、p-STAT3（Y705）、p-STAT3（S727）的表达。结果：OGD/R 导致SH-SY5Y 细胞存活率显著降低（P<0.01）,凋亡率显著增加（P<0.01）。给予0.1、1、5、10 μg·L^-1 HNG 干预的 SH-SY5Y 细胞与未行HNG 干预的OGD/R 细胞相比,存活率更高（P<0.01）,凋亡明显减少（P<0.01）,1 μg·L^-1 HNG 干预组效果最好。与对照组比较,OGD/R 降低JAK2 和p-STAT3（Y705）蛋白水平（P<0.01）。给予HNG 干预的细胞表达JAK2（P<0.01）和p-STAT3（Y705）（P<0.01）蛋白水平增加。给予1、5 μg·L^-1 HNG 干预的细 胞表达JAK2（P<0.01）、p-STAT3（Y705）（P<0.01）和p-STAT3（S727）（P<0.05）蛋白水平有更显著的增加。给予 FLLL32 和HNG 干预的细胞无法增加细胞存活率。结论：HNG 通过激活JAK2/STAT3 信号通路抑制OGD/R 诱 导的细胞凋亡,有希望用于治疗脑梗死的药物。     

长柱金花茶叶的化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

目的研究长柱金花茶Camellia nitidissima var.longistyla叶的化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20、制备液相等多种手段进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果从长柱金花茶叶95%乙醇提取物中分离得到16个化合物,分别鉴定为山柰酚(1)、3,5,6,7,4′-五羟基二氢黄酮(2)、6-羟基山柰酚(3)、(-)-表阿福豆素(4)、(-)-表儿茶素(5)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)、α-菠菜甾醇(7)、β-胡萝卜苷(8)、5,7,3′,4′-四甲氧基黄酮(9)、7,3′,4′-三甲氧基-5-羟基黄酮(10)、5,7,3′,4′,5′-五甲氧基黄酮(11)、3-O-乙酰齐墩果酸(12)、正三十四烷醇(13)、β-香树脂醇(14)、α-菠菜甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(15)、芦丁(16)。结论所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物2、3、9~11为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

肿瘤相关成纤维细胞在甲状腺乳头状癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的检测甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)相关成纤维细胞(tumor-associated fibroblasts,TAFs)中成纤维细胞特异性蛋白-1(fibroblast-specific protein 1,FSP1/S100A4)、平滑肌肌动蛋白-ɑ(ɑ-smooth-muscle actin,ɑ-SMA)和成纤维细胞活化蛋白(fibroblast-activated protein,FAP-ɑ)的表达,探究其与PTC发生、发展的关系。方法通过免疫组化SP法检测FSP1/S100A4、ɑ-SMA、FAP-ɑ在正常甲状腺组织和PTC中的表达情况,并分析这些指标与重要临床病理参数的关系。结果FSP1/S100A4、ɑ-SMA和FAP-ɑ在PTC间质细胞中可见阳性表达,而在正常甲状腺组织的滤泡上皮或间质细胞内均不表达。患者肿瘤的大小、是否有淋巴结转移及TNM的不同分期与FAP-ɑ的阳性病例数有统计学差异(χ^2=6.833,P<0.05;χ^2=10.296,P<0.05;χ^2=4.910,P<0.05);ɑ-SMA阳性病例数在是否被膜侵犯、淋巴结转移有显著差异(χ^2=6.008,P<0.05;χ^2=11.766,P<0.05),而S100A4的阳性病例数在患者的性别、年龄、瘤体的大小、有无被膜侵犯、有无淋巴结转移及患者的TNM分期差异均没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论PTC中TAFs的存在可能提示肿瘤具有较强的侵袭转移能力,TAFs有望成为PTC诊疗的一个新靶点。